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Free Collisions in a Microgravity Many-Particle Experiment. IV. - Three-Dimensional Analysis of Collision Properties

机译：微重力多粒子实验中的自由碰撞。 IV。 -   碰撞特性的三维分析

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The bouncing barrier, a parameter combination at which dust particles in theprotoplanetary disk always rebound in mutual collisions, is one of the crucialsteps of planet formation. In the past years, several experiments have beenperformed to determine the mass and velocity regimes at which perfect bouncingdoes occur and those where there is a chance of the aggregates stickingtogether. We conducted a microgravity experiment, which allows us toinvestigate free collisions of millimeter-sized SiO2 dust aggregates at therelevant velocities. We analyzed 52 collisions in detail with velocities of 3.4mm/s to 6.2 cm/s and found four of them leading to sticking, while the otheraggregates rebounded. Three out of the four sticking collisions occurred atvelocities where previously only bouncing had been predicted. Although theprobability for sticking is low, this opens a new possibility for growth beyondmillimeter sizes. Our setup allowed us to obtain the complete three-dimensionalcollision information. Since most previous experiments were interpreted basedon two-dimensional information, we compare our three-dimensional values withthose obtained if only one projection had been available. We find that theerror of a two-dimensional analysis of the collision velocity is very small.The distribution of the coefficient of restitution in the two-dimensional viewis representative of the real case, but for any given collision its value canbe far off. Impact parameters always have to be analyzed three-dimensionally,because the two-dimensional values are not meaningful in any way.
机译：反弹屏障是原行星盘中尘埃粒子在相互碰撞中始终反弹的参数组合，是行星形成的关键步骤之一。在过去的几年中，已经进行了一些实验来确定发生完美弹跳的质量和速度状态以及可能存在聚集体粘结在一起的质量和速度状态。我们进行了微重力实验，该实验使我们能够研究在相应速度下毫米级SiO2尘埃聚集体的自由碰撞。我们详细分析了52次碰撞，速度为3.4mm / s至6.2 cm / s，发现其中四次导致粘连，而其他聚集体则反弹。在四次粘连碰撞中，有三分发生在以前仅能预测弹跳的速度。尽管粘附的可能性很低，但这为超出毫米大小的生长开辟了新的可能性。我们的设置使我们可以获得完整的三维碰撞信息。由于以前的大多数实验都是基于二维信息进行解释的，因此我们将三维值与如果只有一个投影可用时所获得的值进行比较。我们发现，对碰撞速度进行二维分析的误差很小。在二维视图中恢复系数的分布代表了实际情况，但是对于任何给定的碰撞，其值都可能相去甚远。冲击参数必须始终进行三维分析，因为二维值毫无意义。

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